Center for the Blue Economy - Middlebury Institute of International Studies at Monterey (2016)
It measures two economies: the ocean economy, which includes all ocean-dependent activities in coastal states, and the coastal economy, which includes all economic activity in coastal states, according to geographies such as zip codes, shore adjacent and other coastal zone counties, and watersheds. In addition to updating the measures of economic activity such as employment, wages, and gross domestic product, it updated fisheries, offshore oil and gas, and ports and cargo data to indicate changes since the last report. Also, it was computed the Ocean Economy Coincident Index, which utilizes more recent data on employment, establishments, and real wages to provide an indicator of trends between the most recent ocean economy data available (2013) and the most recent full year for which data are available (2014). In 2013 the Ocean Economy comprised about 2.2% of both U.S. GDP and employment. From 2010 to 2013, the ocean economy grew at an annual average of 5.4% compared with U.S. average growth of 4.4% per year.