Caribbean Development Bank (2019)

To conduct the estimate through application of national accounting measurements, a Leontief matrix is applied to measure the intermediate and final demand of productive industries and the interlinkages between them. It is, therefore, possible to quantify the contribution of Blue Economy industries to total domestic output and the supply of Blue Economy products into the activities of other industries. The interindustry analysis can inform policy-makers of potential demand increases in other industries arising out of a strategy to increase final demand within the Blue Economy.The analysis in Jamaica revealed that the direct impact of the Blue Economy represented 6.9% of GDP in 2017, with an average contribution of 6.7% for the period 2012 to 2017

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Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (2016)

It measures the economic contribution of ocean-based industries to world economic output in terms of gross value added (GVA at basic prices) and employment. Two different approaches are developed to estimate the current value of the sea economy for two sets of ocean-based industries: industries defined by ISIC Rev.3 and industries not defined by the ISIC Rec.3. In 2010 Blue Economy represented USD 1.5 trillion and 31 million jobs worlwide. Estimation for 2030: Blue Economy could exceed USD 3 trillion and be responsible for more than 40 million jobs.

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European Commission (2019)

Overview of the Blue Economy in the 28 Member States. It does not include the emerging sectors and focuses purely on the established ones, as this ensures a comparable analysis across all the MS. Evolution of the Blue Economy for the six established sectors in terms of employment and GVA, and an overview of the Blue Economy by sub-sector and activity for employment, GVA and turnover. The established sectors of the EU Blue Economy directly employed over 4 million people, generated €658 billion of turnover and €180 billion of gross value added in 2017.

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Center for the Blue Economy - Middlebury Institute of International Studies at Monterey (2016)

It measures two economies: the ocean economy, which includes all ocean-dependent activities in coastal states, and the coastal economy, which includes all economic activity in coastal states, according to geographies such as zip codes, shore adjacent and other coastal zone counties, and watersheds. In addition to updating the measures of economic activity such as employment, wages, and gross domestic product, it updated fisheries, offshore oil and gas, and ports and cargo data to indicate changes since the last report. Also, it was computed the Ocean Economy Coincident Index, which utilizes more recent data on employment, establishments, and real wages to provide an indicator of trends between the most recent ocean economy data available (2013) and the most recent full year for which data are available (2014). In 2013 the Ocean Economy comprised about 2.2% of both U.S. GDP and employment. From 2010 to 2013, the ocean economy grew at an annual average of 5.4% compared with U.S. average growth of 4.4% per year.

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The Economist Intelligence Unit (2015)

The Coastal Governance Index is an analysis of the status of coastal and fisheries governance to provide an international ranking of 20 ocean economies. The goal of the index is to provide governments and private investors a basis for understanding the status of management and regulations in key countries to enable better decision-making and encourage investment. The index has been computed for 20 countries

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WWF - World Wide Fund for Nature and BCG - The Boston Consulting Group (2017)

This methodology document provides supplemental information to the discussions on economic value in the report Reviving the Economy of the Mediterranean Sea: Actions for a Sustainable Future. The assumptions, analysis and data sources that inform the Mediterranean Sea´s annual contribution (gross marine production) and asset-valuation (shared wealth fund) are outlined in this methodology document. The intent was to triangulate and refine existing primary research at the regional scale adapted from the global report, Reviving the Ocean Economy: The case for action - 2015, published by WWF International.

The analyses and conclusions contained in this document are based on various assumptions that BCG has developed regarding economic growth, and the current and future state of the Mediterranean Sea.

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WWF - World Wide Fund for Nature and BCG - The Boston Consulting Group (2015)

This methodology document intents to triangulate and refine existing primary research in order to determine the valuations cited in the report "Reviving the Ocean Economy: The case for action" issued by WWF International.

The analyses and conclusions contained in this document are based on various assumptions that BCG has developed regarding economic growth, and the current and future state of the ocean.

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